Implementation of E-logistics in Supply Chain Operations

Abstract

The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified pressure on supply chains to improve speed, reliability, and customer responsiveness, particularly in emerging economies such as Pakistan. While prior research has examined digital transformation and logistics technologies, limited empirical evidence explains how smart warehousing and last-mile delivery translate into performance outcomes. This study addresses this gap by investigating the mediating role of operational efficiency and the moderating influence of dynamic capabilities in the relationship between digital logistics practices and e-commerce supply chain performance. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from e-commerce firms and logistics service providers operating in Pakistan. The proposed model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) integrated with machine-learning- enhanced analysis to assess reliability, validity, mediation, moderation, and predictive power. The results show that digital transformation (β = 0.312, p < 0.001), technology integration (β = 0.326, p < 0.001), and dynamic capabilities (β = 0.247, p < 0.001) significantly improve operational efficiency, while organizational resources exhibit a non-significant effect. Operational efficiency strongly influences organizational performance (β = 0.825), customer satisfaction (β = 0.826), and competitive advantage (β = 0.774), explaining 76.2% of its variance. This study provides robust empirical evidence that operational efficiency is the primary mechanism through which digital logistics practices enhance e-commerce performance. By integrating mediation and moderation within a machine-learning- enhanced SEM framework in a developing-country context, the study advances digital supply chain theory and offers actionable insights for managers and policymakers.