The Role of Modern Human Resource Management (HRM) and Universities in Strengthening Public Sector Institutions

Abstract

This paper examines how modern Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and active university involvement can strengthen public sector institutions in Pakistan. Combining a conceptual review with primary data collected through a structured survey (n = 168 valid responses), the study investigates training and development, performance appraisal systems, employee motivation, and university–government linkages. Findings indicate significant deficits in structured training, perceived lack of transparency in performance appraisals, low employee motivation, and limited formal collaboration between universities and public organizations. Statistical analysis shows a positive and significant correlation between training and employee performance (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), while transparent appraisal systems (β = 0.48, p < 0.05) and university linkages (β = 0.36, p < 0.05) positively predict employee motivation and institutional innovation respectively. The paper situates these results within international best practices—most notably the UK Civil Service and NHS models—and provides policy recommendations focused on curriculum reforms, capacity building, e-HRM deployment, and creation of formal university–government collaboration mechanisms. Implications for policymakers, university administrators, and HR practitioners are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.